Pre-Dialysis
DC-315
Section 3: Therapeutic Diets
Compendium Definition
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Note:
Regular Diet with:
– Low Potassium Diet
– Low Phosphorus Diet
– Allow low-sodium, broth based soups with acceptable ingredients (i.e. Chicken Noodle)
Vegetables
Allowed
- fresh, frozen and/or low-sodium canned vegetables not listed in the “avoid” section.
- ½ serving of non-compliant vegetable allowed to improve variety/intake
- special cooking methods for potatoes and root vegetables*
NOT allowed:
- canned vegetables prepared in brine
- frozen vegetables with sauces
- artichoke
- beets
- bok Choy
- broccoli (boiled, steamed)
- brussel Sprouts
- carrots (raw)
- edamame
- french Beans
- mushrooms (cooked, dried)
- parsnips
- potato (baked, fried, potato chips, French fries, hashbrowns, scalloped potato)
- pumpkin
- rutabagas
- snow Peas
- soybean Sprouts
- spinach (boiled)
- squash
- sweet Potato
- swiss Chard
- tomato Products:
- tomato sauce (including pizza sauce and pasta sauce)
- tomato paste/ tomato soup
- canned tomato
- zucchini
Fruit
Allowed
- Fresh, frozen and/or canned fruit not listed in the “avoid” section.
NOT allowed:
- apricots (fresh, dried)
- avocado
- banana
- cantaloupe
- dried fruit (apricots, coconut, dates, figs, mango, peaches, pears, prunes)
- guava
- kiwi
- oranges (Navel, Valencia)
- nectarines
- papaya
- passion Fruit
- peach (canned are OK)
- pomegranate
Grain Products
all whole grains are now recommended
baking powder is a significant source of phosphorus but may not be able to avoid completely. Homemade baked goods are recommended over commercial.
Allowed
- homemade baked goods
- cold cereals without phosphate additives (Cornflakes, Rice Krispies, Puffed Wheat, Mini Wheats, Special K, Rice Chex)
- rolled oats, cream of wheat
- rice, pasta and other grains
- multigrain, whole wheat, white and rye breads
- unsalted soda crackers
- quinoa, couscous
NOT allowed:
- store-made baked goods
- cold cereals with phosphate additives, bran cereals
- commercial mixes (muffins, biscuits, pancakes, waffles, etc.)
- cereals with >300mg sodium per serving
- instant hot cereals
- instant noodles
- granola bars with phosphate additives
- bran portion (including bran buds or bran sticks)
- salt-topped or coated breads, rolls, crackers, breadcrumbs and cracker crumbs
- commercially seasoned pasta or rice mixes, commercial bread stuffing
Milk & Alternatives
Milk/yogurt: Limit to 1 cup/day
Block cheese: Limit to 1oz (30g)/day
Allowed
- white milk
- brick cheese or unprocessed cheese slices
- yogurt
- plant-based milk beverages (check for phosphate additives)
- coffee cream, whipping cream, sour cream
NOT allowed:
- processed Cheese: cheese slices, ribbon cheese, Velveeta, cheez whiz
- evaporated, powdered, or condensed milk
- flavoured coffee creamers
- powdered coffee whitener
- chocolate milk
Meat & Alternatives
Meat Portions: Limit to 60g/serving
Soaked/boiled or canned legumes are now recommended
Unsalted nuts: Limit to ¼ cup/day
Unsalted Seeds: Limit to 2tbsp/day
Allowed
- fresh, unprocessed meats
- chicken, beef, pork, fish, wild meat
- legumes (beans, lentils, chickpeas)
- unsalted nuts and seeds
- peanut butter
- eggs
- tofu
- hummus
NOT allowed:
Processed Meats:
- bacon
- battered fish
- breaded chicken nuggets
- canned meats
- deli meats
- ham
- organ meats
- pork and beans
- sardines
- sausages
- smoked/pickled meats
- hotdogs/smokies
- processed meat products containing potassium additives (check label for all processed meat products)
- salted, koshered, marinated, pickled, canned or commercially breaded meat, poultry, fish or shellfish
- sardines, anchovies, imitation seafood
- pickled eggs
- salted nuts/seeds
Oils & Fats
Allowed
- oils
- butter/margarine
NOT allowed:
- canned gravies
- canned sauces
- any gravy or sauce with phosphate additives
Desserts & Sweets
Allowed
NOT allowed:
- caramel, chocolate
- molasses
- commercial Baked Goods (pies, cookies, muffins)
- desserts containing orange, chocolate, dried fruit or banana
Fluids
Ingredients can change and vary by brand. Check the ingredient list to ensure no phosphate additives.
Allowed
- water
- coffee (max. 2 cups per day)
- tea (max. 3 cups per day)
- lemonade
- apple Juice
- cranberry Juice
- ginger Ale
- lemon-lime Soda
NOT allowed:
- milk (limit intake to <1/2 cup/day)
- colas (Coke/Pepsi/other dark coloured soda with phosphoric acid)
- eggnog
- rice Dream – Enriched
- iced tea (iced tea crystals are OK)
- crystal Light
- tang
- beer
- chocolate Drinks
- drinks made with milk
Juices
- carrot
- orange
- papaya
- passionfruit
- pomegranate
- prune
- tangerine
- tomato
- vegetable (V8)
- chocolate milk
Examples of Phosphate Additives to be AVOIDED (found in the ingredient list):
- monosodium phosphate
- disodium phosphate
- trisodium phosphate
- monopotassium phosphate
- dipotassium phosphate
- tripotassium phosphate
- calcium phosphate
- sodium Acid pyrophosphate
- disodium diphosphate
- tetrasodium pyrophosphate
- tetrapotassium pyrophosphate
- sodium tripolyphosphate
- potassium tripolyphosphate
- sodium hexametaphosphate
- potassium hexametaphosphate
- ammonia phosphate
- phosphoric acid
Examples of Potassium Additives to be AVOIDED (found in the ingredient list):
- potassium chloride
- potassium sorbate
- potassium bicarbonate
- potassium hydroxide
- potassium citrate
- potassium carbonate
- potassium phosphate
- potassium lactate
- potassium tartrate
- potassium gluconate
- potassium iodide
*The lists above are not exhaustive.
Cooking Methods to Reduce Potassium
Double Boiling of Potatoes and Root Vegetables
Peel potatoes or root vegetables; cut in small pieces. Fill a pot with water and add vegetables. Bring to a boil. Boil for 10 minutes. Drain, add fresh water and return to a boil. Once fully cooked, drain and discard water.
Boil and Soak Dried Legumes (Dried Peas, Beans, Lentils)
To a large pot add 1.5L or 6 cups of water for each 125 ml or ½ cup of legumes. Soak the legumes for 12 hours. Drain and rinse the legumes. Boil in fresh water until cooked.
Boil and Soak Potatoes
Peel potatoes, cut in small pieces. Boil 8 minutes and drain. In a large container, cover boiled potatoes in water and soak for 12 hours. Drain and use as desired.
Soaking Frozen French Fries
Cover frozen French fries with water (1.5L or 6 cups) and soak for 6-12 hours. Drain and dry the fries. Cook according to package directions.
References: